The readers of this blog are likely familiar with the well known song “Eliyahu HaNavi” (Elijah the Prophet) that is typically sung at the end of the Passover seder and by some at the conclusion of the Sabbath. The first line of the song is as follows: ”Elijah the Prophet, Elijah the Tishbite, Elijah the Giladite, May he soon come to us with Messiah the Son of David.”
Permit me to share some thoughts I was musing over earlier this morning. What role was Elijah expected to play when he preceded the coming of the Messiah? Has Elijah already come? Why do we, as believers in Jesus Christ, sing this song?
We find the expected role of Elijah in the last book of the Prophets, Malachi ch. 3 which begins, “See, I am sending my messenger to prepare the way before me, and the Lord whom you seek will suddenly come to his temple” (NRSV). The remainder of the chapter goes on to speak of the coming of the Messiah as one who “is like a refiner’s fire and like fullers’ soap” or to use the words of John the Baptist, “His winnowing-fork is in his hand, and he will clear his threshing-floor and will gather his wheat into the granary; but the chaff he will burn with unquenchable fire.” The prophet Malachi concludes his words with the verse “Lo, I will send you the prophet Elijah before the great and terrible day of the Lord comes. He will turn the hearts of parents to their children and the hearts of children to their parents, so that I will not come and strike the land with a curse.”
Based on Malachi’s words Elijah was supposed to bring the hearts of the people back to God and between their fellowman as well as preparing the people for the coming of the Lord. Within a short amount of time after Malachi uttered these words we find Jesus saying of John the Baptist, “This is the one about whom it is written, ‘See, I am sending my messenger ahead of you, who will prepare your way before you’” quoting from the same chapter of Malachi that begins speaking of the coming of Elijah, the messenger of God. But was John the Baptist the Elijah spoken of by Malachi?
Jesus says, “if you are willing to accept it, he is Elijah who is to come. Let anyone with ears listen!” (Matthew 11:14-15) and in Luke 7 Jesus says that John is the one of whom the prophet is speaking. In Mark 9:12 Jesus says, “But I tell you that Elijah has come, and they did to him whatever they pleased, as it is written about him.” But what about John the Baptist’s reply in regards the question by the Jews as to whether he is Elijah in John 1:21 where John says, “I am not”?
The questioners were asking if John was Elijah himself but he was not. Rather, John had the spirit and power of Elijah. This is similar to the name David being used in the prophets for the Messiah but when he actually came His name was not David. Rather, He came from David’s line. The same is true here of John the Baptist: God was saying that a prophet like Elijah was going to come. Therefore, God called this prophet that would arise by the name Elijah in the book of Malachi but when he actually came he was called John.
We can see that John the Baptist performed his role in the spirit and power of Elijah by returning the people’s hearts to a right place through his teaching of repentance and he performed his role as the one who would prepare the way for the coming of the Messiah.
In light of the above, why sing “Eliyahu HaNavi” after a Passover seder or at the conclusion of the Sabbath? Is it because it’s the ‘kosher’ thing to do so to speak? Would omitting the song at the end of the Sabbath and Passover seder somehow cast doubt in the belief of the words of Malachi or somehow distance us from the rest of the Jewish world (as if belief in Jesus hasn’t already done a good job of that!)? A song which begs God to send us Elijah seems to ignore the fact that Jesus said Elijah has already come.
Why not do as the Rev. Paul Levertoff has done with part of the Amidah prayer in the service which reads at the end of the first blessing, “who, in love, brings a redeemer” to which he changed the letter mem in the word u’mei’vi to the letter hey which then allows the line to be translated, “who in love hast brought a Redeemer” (translation from Levertoff’s “Meal of the Holy King”).
I have never felt comfortable singing this song about the coming of Elijah simply because of the words of our Lord. Why do I want to sing a song that speaks of my longing for a prophet whom our Lord says has already come?
These are the thoughts I had this morning. Do with them what you will.
August 16, 2009 at 11:13 pm
In light of Matt. 11:11-14, it seems obvious that the Torah and the Prophets all prophesied with the view to the coming of Messiah who would be preceded by Elijah. Yeshua is saying that in many of the Prophets the coming of Elijah was the very end, before the “great and terrible Day of the Lord,” but that John fanctioned in the “spirit of Elijah,” himself coming before Yeshua as the suffring servant of the Lord.
The Prophets not only spoke of Yeshua’s final reign, they also spoke of His suffering. elijah would precede His coming as the victorious Messiah, but John would herald His coming as the Lamb of God. In the context, Yeshua wishes to focus attention on what the prophets were saying about His first appearance.
Therefore in my view, there is no problem with singing the song.
Blessings
Dan
August 17, 2009 at 3:36 pm
I believe that while John the Baptist played a major part in the fulfillment of Malachi’s prophecies on Elijah, there is still further fulfillment to come in the future. I argue this in a couple of places:
http://graceandknowledge.faithweb.com/elijah.html
http://graceandknowledge.faithweb.com/matt1711.html
So maybe it’s not so unreasonable for a Christian to sing the Elijah song.
I’m interested in this issue for reasons related to my own strange spiritual journey. For a number of years I belonged to an adventist sect called the Worldwide Church of God. Like other such groups–Branch Davidians, e.g.–WCG did some pesher interpretation of prophecy. In particular, we believed that our leader, Herbert Armstrong, was “the end-time Elijah”.
In the 1990s, WCG did a major turnaround and (thankfully) embraced historic Christianity. Understandably, it also tried to distance itself from past errors. As part of that distancing, it began to teach that John the Baptist had completed the fulfillment of Malachi’s prophecies. This was a good way of steering completely clear of “end-time Elijah” speculations.
Because of my strange background, I have some interest in these prophecies. I think they have some future fulfillment remaining, though I wouldn’t be dogmatic about what that may be.
August 17, 2009 at 7:10 pm
I have these thoughts myself Brian, especially in light of the tradition of leaving a place for Elijah at the Passover Seder. Not that I’m necessarily opposed to this tradition for what it is, but it has always struck me as a symbol of Judaism’s unfulfilled hopes for the Messiah. While the Messiah’s task is not yet reached its consummation, shouldn’t our longing for Messiah take on a different character in light of Jesus?
It has also struck me how much of all four Gospels (and even Acts) emphasize the importance of John’s role to the early believers.
But on the other hand, the Tanakh doesn’t exactly spell out two advents of the Messiah (though there are hints), so perhaps there will be “two comings of Elijah” so to speak. Might this be the role of the two witnesses in the Revelation of John? I have no idea, but I’ve pondered it.
Again, just my thoughts.
August 18, 2009 at 10:18 am
This is an interesting post I found about the different thoughts within judaism regarding elijahs role in the coming of messiah:
http://shiratdevorah.blogspot.com/2009/08/will-eliyahu-precede-moshiach.html
September 16, 2009 at 11:40 am
You’ve almost hit the nail on the head. Just carry your line of thought a little further.
Scripture says it is appointed for every man to die. There are two men who have yet to die: Elijah and Enoch. What if these two men will be the two witnesses in Jerusalem that John’s dream (in Revelation) speaks of? If that is the case, the “real” Elijah will indeed come and signal the return of Mashiach.
So go ahead and keep open a seat for Elijah during Pesach … and sing every Saturday night to hasten his arrival.
November 16, 2009 at 11:33 pm
It is interesting that Malachi concludes with “lest I smite the earth with a curse” instead of just Israel, indicating, I ponder anyway, the coming of the LORD during a global era like today. The great day of the LORD is just that– great. It would seem reasonable that He should send a prophet to turn the hearts of the sons to the fathers again. It is just as important now that Hebrews and all those who follow the LORD should hear the call again before it is too late. We all know the LORD does not delight in condemnation and judgment, but in repentence. Knowing this, perhaps he expects us to make an obvious deduction based on his very expressed nature in scripture.
Pardon the lateness of my addition here, but I’ve only recently been browsing the web to see what this “movement” is doing and to see what the controversies are of late.
David
November 17, 2009 at 12:03 am
David -
No problem. I welcome the comments on past posts! I pray you find more fruitful discussion than controversies on the Messianic-web.